Comparison of Indonesian and European Logistics Competency Frameworks in Supply Chain
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Issue
Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026)
Keywords:
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Digital and Green Logistics, Logistics Competency Framework, Skill Gap Analysis, Transversal Skills, Workforce Development
Abstract
Rapid advancements in digital technologies, increasing sustainability pressures, and the growing complexity of global supply chains have reshaped the competency landscape for logistics professionals. This study conducts a comparative analysis of transversal skill requirements in the Indonesian logistics sector by benchmarking industry expectations against the existing national competency framework (SKKNI) and the European Logistics Association Qualifications Framework (ELAQF). Drawing on recent literature and industry reports (2022–2025), the findings reveal significant discrepancies across five critical domains: digital, managerial, technical, soft, and green skills. While industry practices increasingly demand integrated system proficiency, analytics-driven decision-making, agile management, and sustainability awareness, SKKNI remains largely procedural, emphasizing manual tasks and basic operational functions. To address these gaps, the study proposes an Integrated Transversal Skills Framework that conceptualizes how the five skill domains collectively enhance employability, workforce agility, and readiness for digital and green logistics transformation. This conceptual model highlights the strategic importance of embedding transversal skills into curriculum design, professional training, and national qualification updates. The study concludes that modernizing Indonesia’s competency standards is essential for strengthening workforce competitiveness and aligning with global logistics trends. Future research should focus on empirical validation of the proposed model and sector-specific assessments across warehousing, transport, and supply chain services.
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References
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Schenk, F., & Weber, T. (2022). Soft skills and managerial readiness in the next-generation supply chain. Supply Chain Management Review, 28(1), 34–42.
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Tan, W., Ong, T., & Rajah, R. (2023). Workforce adaptability in Industry 4.0-enabled logistics. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 34(7), 1412–1431.
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Trevisan, A. H., et al. (2025). Enhancing circular economy education and training for the green transition. Journal of Cleaner Production, 450, 140123.
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UNCTAD. (2024). Green logistics and sustainable trade facilitation report. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
UN ESCAP. (2023). Advancing low-carbon logistics in Asia-Pacific. UN ESCAP Publishing.
World Bank. (2024). Global logistics performance and workforce capability report. World Bank Publishing.
World Economic Forum. (2023). The future of jobs report 2023. World Economic Forum.
World Economic Forum. (2024). The future of jobs and skills in supply chains. World Economic Forum.
Wüstemann, J., Müller, K., & Breuer, L. (2022). Competency models for future logistics professionals. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 43(2), 129–150.
Akbar, M., Santoso, R., & Widodo, H. (2023). Digital transformation and skill readiness in Southeast Asian logistics. International Journal of Logistics Management, 34(2), 455–478.
Bylund, N., & Martínez, L. (2024). Competency requirements for digitalized warehouse operations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 435, 140782.
Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. (n.d.). Kebijakan pengembangan kompetensi sektor logistik. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia.
Deloitte. (2023). Digital supply chain transformation report. Deloitte Insights.
DHL. (2023). Digital transformation in logistics: 2023 industry outlook. DHL Trend Research.
European Logistics Association. (n.d.). European Logistics Association Qualification Framework (ELAQF).
Fernando, Y., & Long, H. (2022). Agile leadership in digital logistics ecosystems. Transportation Research Part E, 164, 102848.
Gayatri, G. (2022). The Indonesian digital workforce gaps in 2021–2025. Sustainability, 15(1), 754.
Govindan, K., & Hasanagic, M. (2022). Green and circular logistics capabilities for sustainable supply chains. Journal of Cleaner Production, 339, 130710.
Heriot-Watt University. (2024). Skills for circular logistics and reverse supply chains: Workforce readiness report.
Hohenstein, N., & Feisel, E. (2022). The evolving competencies of logistics professionals in digital supply chains. International Journal of Logistics Management, 33(4), 1050–1072.
Hohenstein, N., & Feisel, E. (2023). Transversal skills and workforce resilience in global logistics. Supply Chain Management Review, 29(1), 12–25.
ILO. (2023). Sectoral skills priorities for the logistics industry. International Labour Organization.
Iskandar, B., & Arifin, Z. (2023). Indonesian logistics competitiveness: An analysis of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) indicators. Journal of Logistics and Supply Chain Studies, 5(2), 45–57.
Ivanov, D. (2023). Resilient and agile supply chains: Competency needs for Industry 4.0. Omega, 114, 102758.
Jin, Y., Zhao, J., Hou, H., Fan, G., Zhu, X., & Zhang, S. (2024). Empowering future leaders: Green logistics talent development in Chinese higher education. Sustainability, 16(24), 10966. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162410966
JLIAIRA. (2023). Indonesia’s skills landscape: Industry perspectives on workforce readiness. JLIAIRA Research Institute.
Kemnaker RI. (2022). Standar Kompetensi Kerja Nasional Indonesia Bidang Logistik. Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia.
Korchi, M., & Bentaleb, F. (2024). Green logistics competencies for sustainable supply chains. Sustainable Logistics Review, 9(1), 22–36.
Krittayakieran, P., Limsupanark, J., & Wongsa, S. (2024). Digital competencies for warehouse automation in ASEAN logistics. Asia Pacific Journal of Operations Research, 41(1), 1–22.
Leon, R., Martínez, L., & Bylund, N. (2024). Competency requirements for circular warehouse operations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 435, 140782.
Leung, J., Chen, S., & Zhao, L. (2022). Soft skills for digital supply chain collaboration. International Journal of Production Economics, 248, 108457.
McKinsey & Company. (2024). The digital supply chain workforce: Skills for 2030.
Mhaske, P. (2025). Bridging digital skill gaps in the global workforce. Research in Globalization. Advance online publication.
Mishrif, A. (2023). Digitization policy design and implementation in the logistics sector. Journal of International Logistics and Trade, 21(3), 345–360.
Müller, J. (2023). Ad hoc supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic: Dynamic capabilities to enable ad hoc logistics responses. [Journal article on supply chain agility].
Nur Aini Alhamda, N., Hidayah, R., & Marezka, A. (2022). Vocational education alignment with logistics industry needs in Indonesia. Journal of Technical and Vocational Education, 34(1), 12–25.
Nurlaila, D., & Wibowo, T. (2024). Evaluating Indonesia’s logistics competency standards in the era of digitalization. Journal of Vocational Education Research, 15(1), 22–34.
OECD. (2024). Green skills for sustainable logistics transformation. OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2025). Future skills for digital and green transitions. OECD Publishing.
Patrucco, A. S., et al. (2023). Resilient supply chains amid uncertainty: Agility, adaptability and alignment. [Working paper].
PwC. (2024). Future of logistics talent: Skills for an automated and digital world. PwC Global.
Rayi, F., Prabowo, H., & Chandra, B. (2023). Technological integration and workforce requirements in Indonesian warehousing. Journal of Industrial Logistics Engineering, 7(3), 201–219.
Reuters. (2024). Global shipping prepares workforce for low-carbon transition by 2030.
Sari, R., Nugroho, H., & Dewi, L. (2023). Alignment of Indonesian SKKNI with logistics industry needs: A competency gap study. Jurnal Logistik Indonesia, 5(2), 118–134.
Schenk, F., & Weber, T. (2022). Soft skills and managerial readiness in the next-generation supply chain. Supply Chain Management Review, 28(1), 34–42.
Setyadi, A., Akbar, Y. K., Ariana, S., & Pawirosumarto, S. (2023). Examining the effect of green logistics and green human resource management on sustainable development organizations. Sustainability, 15, 10667.
Suharto, Y., Lim, J., & Kosasih, W. (2024). Communication competencies in smart logistics networks. Journal of Supply Chain Communication, 5(1), 33–49.
Supply Chain Indonesia. (2025). Kontribusi sektor transportasi dan pergudangan terhadap PDB 2025. Supply Chain Indonesia Press.
Tan, W., Ong, T., & Rajah, R. (2023). Workforce adaptability in Industry 4.0-enabled logistics. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 34(7), 1412–1431.
Thai, V. V., Tran, D. M., Nguyen, L. T. N., Nguyen, T. K., & Nguyen, T.-T. (2024). Revisiting the role of supply chain managerial competence in firm logistics performance: Do experience and education matter? Sustainability, 16(23), 10459. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310459
Trevisan, A. H., et al. (2025). Enhancing circular economy education and training for the green transition. Journal of Cleaner Production, 450, 140123.
UNCTAD. (2023). Sustainable freight and green logistics: Global report 2023. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
UNCTAD. (2024). Green logistics and sustainable trade facilitation report. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
UN ESCAP. (2023). Advancing low-carbon logistics in Asia-Pacific. UN ESCAP Publishing.
World Bank. (2024). Global logistics performance and workforce capability report. World Bank Publishing.
World Economic Forum. (2023). The future of jobs report 2023. World Economic Forum.
World Economic Forum. (2024). The future of jobs and skills in supply chains. World Economic Forum.
Wüstemann, J., Müller, K., & Breuer, L. (2022). Competency models for future logistics professionals. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 43(2), 129–150.
Authors
Dwiyanti, V., A, A., Supardi, E. and Sukrawan, Y. (2026) “Comparison of Indonesian and European Logistics Competency Frameworks in Supply Chain”, Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan, 21(1). doi: 10.47198/jnaker.v21i1.703.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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