Individual and Contextual Factors Affecting the Unemployment Status of Educated Youth in Urban Areas of Java in 2024

Ria Septiana; Agung Priyo Utomo

doi:10.47198/jnaker.v20i2.547

Ria Septiana, Agung Priyo Utomo

https://doi.org/10.47198/jnaker.v20i2.547

Issue
Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025)

Keywords:

educated youth unemployment, multilevel analysis, java island Bahasa Inggris

PDF

Abstract

Unemployment is an economic problem that triggers social impacts such as crime and poverty. In 2024, Java Island recorded the highest rate of educated youth unemployment compared to other islands, particularly in urban areas. This is a critical issue, as educated young people are a vital asset in a nation’s economic development, whose potential can be harnessed to achieve Indonesia’s vision for 2045. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the general status of unemployment among educated youth, as well as the influence of individual and regional factors on unemployment among educated young people in urban areas of Java Island in 2024. This study utilizes data from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas), August 2024 Labor Force Conditions Publication, and the 2025 District/City in Figures Publication. A two-level binary logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the individual and contextual factors influencing the unemployment status of educated youth in urban areas. The findings indicate that the labor force that has never participated in certified training and resides in areas with a large labor force has a greater risk of being unemployed. Therefore, this study is expected to assist the government in formulating policies to minimize youth unemployment, particularly among those with at least a high school education or its equivalent in urban areas of Java Island.

Full text article

Generated from XML file

References

Adriyanto, A., Prasetyo, D., & Khodijah, R. (2020). Angkatan Kerja dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengangguran. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi & Sosial, 11(2), 66–82. https://doi.org/10.35724/jies.v11i2.2965
Ahmad, R., & Azim, P. (2010). Youth Population and the Labour Market of Pakistan: a Micro Level Study. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 48(2), 183–208.
Alawad, A. S., Kreishan, F., & Selim, M. (2020). Determinants of Youth Unemployment: Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, VIII(Issue 4), 152–165. https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/576
Alharis, F. A., & Yuniasih, A. F. (2022). Determinan Pengangguran Usia Muda Terdidik di Provinsi Banten Tahun 2020. Seminar Nasional Official Statistics, 2022(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2022i1.1153
Borjas, G. J. (2016). Labor Economics. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.71032-4
BPS. (2024). Keadaan Angkatan Kerja di Indonesia.
Br. Saragih, M. T., & Usman, H. (2022). Analisis Pengangguran Usia Muda di Pulau Jawa Sebelum dan Saat Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 10(2), 99. https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.69484
Fila, D., Mansingh, J. P., & Legesse, W. (2016). Consequences of Youth Unemployment: The Case of Ambotown, Oromia, Ethiopia. Impact Journals, 4(10), 69–76. www.impactjournals.us
Hox, J. J., Moerbeek, M., & Schoot, R. van de. (2018). Multilevel Analysis Techniques and Applications. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 11, Issue 1). https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315650982/multilevel-analysis-joop-hox-mirjam-moerbeek-rens-van-de-schoot
Indrawati, N., Lidiae, & Hukom, A. (2024). Pengangguran Usia Muda dan Terdidik di Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Inovasi Ekonomi Syariah Dan Akuntansi, 1(3), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.61132/jiesa.v1i3.79
Kafa, M. Z., & Sciences, P. (2024). Determinants of Educated Unemployment in Indonesia?: A The issue of unemployment in Indonesia warrants significant research due to two fundamental reasons . First , the unemployment rate continues to rise at a pace that exceeds economic growth , with labo. 6(2), 107–126.
Krumboltz, J. D., Mitchell, A. M., & Jones, G. B. (1976). A Social Learning Theory of Career Selection. The Counseling Psychologist, 6(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/001100007600600117
Mankiw, N. G. (2010). Macroeconomics (Sevent). Worth.
Mokona, H., Yohannes, K., & Ayano, G. (2020). Youth unemployment and mental health: Prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 14(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-020-00395-2
Mwakalila, E. (2022). Income inequality: a recipe for youth unemployment in Africa. SN Business & Economics, 3(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-022-00394-0
Nezlek, J. B. (2008). An Introduction to Multilevel Modeling for Social and Personality Psychology. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(2), 842–860. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00059.x
Remeikien?, R., Žufan, J., Gaspar?nien?, L., & Ginevi?ius, R. (2020). Youth unemployment and self-employment: Trends and perspectives. E a M: Ekonomie a Management, 23(3), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2020-3-003
Romadhon, A., & Zikra, A. (2022). Pengaruh Pelatihan Bersertifikat, Karakteristik Lulusan, dan Disabilitas Terhadap Pengangguran Usia Muda di Indonesia. Seminar Nasional Official Statistics, 2022(1), 1359–1372. https://doi.org/10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2022i1.1556
Shita, A., & Dereje, M. (2018). Determinants of Urban Youth Unemployment; Evidence From East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. International Journal of Economic Development, 11(2), 245–265.
Sukirno, S. (2011). Makroekonomi Teori Pengantar (Edisi Ke-3). Jakarta: PT Rajawali Persada.
Suriati. (2020). Pengaruh Jumlah Angkatan Kerja, Upah Minimum dan Rata-Rata Lama Sekolah Terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Pembangunan Dan Pemerataan, 10(3), 5.
Susanti, V., & Annisa, L. (2024). Jurnal Ilmiah Populer. Jurnal Ilmiah Populer, 7, 12–15. https://bpsjambi.id/median/index.php/median/article/download/98/76/477
Terzo, G., & Giaconia, C. (2018). The Socio-Demographic Determinants Of Youth Unemployment In Italy: Evidences From National Labour Survey. EconWorld2018@Seville, February, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26591.92327
Tesfaye, D., Sintayehu, S., Netsanet, A., & Eyasu, A. (2023). Youth unemployment and its main determinants in Ethiopia. Eqa, 55, 23–32. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2281-4485/16710

Authors

Ria Septiana

a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:26:"Politeknik Statistika STIS";}

212112317@stis.ac.id (Primary Contact)

Agung Priyo Utomo

Ria Septiana and Agung Priyo Utomo (2025) “Individual and Contextual Factors Affecting the Unemployment Status of Educated Youth in Urban Areas of Java in 2024 ”, Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan, 20(2), pp. 234–249. doi: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i2.547.