Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan

Technological Support, Hybrid Work, and National Employment Policies: Catalysts for Worker Productivity and SDG 8 Achievement in Indonesia’s Gig Economy

Muhammad Alfarizi — 2025-07-01

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has reshaped Indonesia’s labor market, with the gig economy emerging as a significant component. This study aims to analyze how technological support, hybrid work models, and national employment policies influence gig workers’ productivity and engagement, and how these factors contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 in Indonesia. Using a cross-sectional quantitative approach, structured questionnaires were distributed to 218 gig workers across various sectors. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to identify the strength and direction of relationships among key variables: technological support, hybrid working, national employment policy, productivity, engagement, and SDG 8 outcomes. The results show that technological support significantly improves both productivity and engagement, particularly through the availability of digital platforms and real-time work coordination tools. Hybrid work models emerged as the strongest factor influencing worker outcomes, combining flexibility with structured task management. While national employment policies had a positive impact, their effectiveness remains limited due to gaps in legal protection and social inclusion for gig workers. Importantly, the analysis reveals that engagement has a greater impact than productivity in contributing to SDG 8, emphasizing the need to foster a sense of involvement and motivation among gig workers. These findings underline the practical importance of enhancing platform responsibility, promoting digital inclusion, and redesigning employment policies to ensure fair and sustainable working conditions. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers and platform providers to better support the evolving nature of gig work in Indonesia.

Greening City: Opportunities And Challenges in Workforce Development for A Sustainable Economy

Dian Widiyati — 2025-07-01

This study aims to investigates workforce readiness in Jakarta to adapt to green jobs as part of the broader transition toward a sustainable green economy. The research highlights the increasing urgency of addressing environmental challenges, such as climate change and pollution, by fostering sustainable development through green employment. The study employs a survey method involving 1,144 respondents from diverse demographic and educational backgrounds, analysing mental, behavioural, and skill readiness to adopt green jobs. Results indicate a high level of readiness for all three aspects. Mental readiness reflects strong awareness of environmental responsibility, though active engagement, such as reporting workplace violations, requires improvement. Behavioural readiness reveals support for sustainability initiatives, yet participation in labour unions remains low. Skill readiness demonstrates strong technical capabilities for sustainability practices, but stress management and interpersonal skills need enhancement. The study also identifies key sectors contributing to emission reductions, including agriculture, renewable energy, waste management, and construction, with varying potential across industries. Challenges persist, such as limited access to green technologies and insufficient stakeholder collaboration. Recommendations emphasize the integration of Green Human Resource Management, enhanced training programs, and supportive policies to accelerate green job creation and adoption. By fostering cooperation among government, industry, and education sectors, Jakarta can leverage its position as Indonesia's economic hub to pioneer sustainable practices and significantly contribute to global environmental goals.

The Impact of Green Human Resource Management and Green Supply Chain Management on Sustainable Performance

Akhmad Fatwa Abdullah — 2025-07-01

PT. Industri Jamu dan Farmasi Sido Muncul Tbk (Sido Muncul) is one of the companies that implementing the Green Productivity concept. Using indicators of Green Productivity, namely Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), this study aims to investigate the influence of GHRM and GSCM on sustainable performance at Sido Muncul, specifically focusing on the aspect of environmental performance. The research utilizes data collected from 100 respondents, all of whom are employees of Sido Muncul, during December 2024 and January 2025. The data analysis technique applied is path analysis using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) Partial Least Squares (PLS) method with the assistance of SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results of the direct hypothesis testing show a significant and positive influence of each latent variable. These findings indicate that the implementation of environmentally friendly practices in human resource management and supply chain management leads to improved sustainable performance. Furthermore, the indirect hypothesis testing reveals that the latent variables have a significant and positive indirect influence. These results demonstrate that environmental performance significantly and positively mediates the relationship between GHRM and GSCM and sustainable performance. This research contributes to the expanding literature on sustainable performance studies by emphasizing the importance of GHRM and GSCM practices, with the mediating role of environmental performance. Additionally, it provides valuable insights for companies aiming to implement Green Productivity, which can positively impact sustainable performance enhancement.

When Informality Meets Poverty: Vulnerability of Informal Workers in North Sumatra’s Rural and Urban Divide

Rolinta Damanik — 2025-07-01

The province of North Sumatra, with its 33 districts/cities, faces significant challenges in managing the informal sector, where a high proportion of the workforce is employed compared to the formal sector. This study aims to analyze the vulnerability of informal workers to poverty in the region, focusing on demographic characteristics, economic factors, and regional disparities. The research employs ordinal logistic regression analysis to identify key determinants of vulnerability to extreme poverty among informal workers. The results show that informal workers, particularly in rural areas, are more likely to experience poverty, with factors such as low education levels, limited access to financing (especially microcredit), lack of luxury goods, short working hours, and marital status being significant contributors. Workers in urban areas have better access to formal sector jobs and are less vulnerable, while those in rural areas are highly dependent on the informal sector with limited opportunities for economic advancement. The study concludes that improving access to financing, education, and employment opportunities in rural areas can reduce the vulnerability of informal workers to poverty. Additionally, policies supporting the growth of the formal sector in rural areas and enhancing social safety nets are essential for reducing economic disparities.

Analysis of Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics of Female Participation in The Labor Market in Indonesia

Syfriza Davies Raihannabil — 2025-07-01

Indonesia has the third lowest FLFP with the second highest gender gap in Southeast Asia in the labor market dimension despite an almost equal male and female population. This study analyzes the short-run and long-run relationship between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics on female participation in the labor market. The method used is the Error Correction Model (ECM). The results show that wage/salaried workers, female average years of schooling, and net migration have short-run and long-run effects on FLFP. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate, female participation in higher education, and child population have no impact in the short-run but have a significant effect in the long-run. The adjustment process from short-run to long-run equilibrium is 55.2% in the first year, while 44.8% in the following years has an adjustment time of 1.81 years. This study suggests the need to strengthen quality and flexible employment policies, inclusive education, and support gender-friendly policies, such as childcare services and maternity leave, to increase female participation in the labor market.

Variables Affecting the Overeducation Status of Educated Workers in West Java

Rini Rahani — 2025-07-01

The inability of the labor market in West Java to absorb educated workers has led to the phenomenon of overeducation. Overeducation occurs when the educational level of the workers is higher than the level required for the job. This issue needs to be addressed so that educated workers can secure better jobs and increase productivity. This study aims to provide an overview of the overeducation status, the influence of individual and regional variables, and their tendencies on the overeducation status of educated workers in West Java Province. The data used comes from the raw data of the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) August 2022, the publication on the Worker’s Situation in West Java Province, and the website of the DPMPTSP West Java Province. The statistical method used is multilevel binary logistic regression analysis with a random intercept. The results showed that 40.22 percent of educated workers in West Java experience overeducation. The tendencies of overeducated educated workers in West Java in 2022 include being male, university graduates, lacking ICT skills, having no employment contract, residing in rural areas, and living in regencies/cities with low employment rates in the industrial and service sectors. Several policy recommendations are provided to the government to address the issue of overeducation among educated workers in West Java.

Unveiling the Profile of Low-Wage Workers in Indonesia

Lestari Agusalim — 2025-07-01

The low-wage workers play a vital role in supporting in Indonesia's economy but remain highly vulnerable and are often excluded from social protection policies. This study aims to profile low-wage workers and provide insights for policymakers to improve social protection measures. The research utilizes repeated cross-sectional microdata from the National Labor Force Survey (Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional/Sakernas) between August 2018 and August 2023, a logistic regression model with marginal effects was applied to identify key characteristics of low-wage workers. The findings show that the primary characteristics of low-wage workers are low education levels and working fewer than 20 hours per week. This group is predominantly female, unmarried or divorced, and from younger generations (Gen Z). They are often employed in the informal sector, lacking specific skills, and are mostly working in agriculture. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened their vulnerabilities, amplifying economic risks that persist post-pandemic. The policy implications include expanding educational opportunities to enhance workers' employability, followed by implementing skill training and job placement programs. Additionally, extending minimum wage coverage to both formal and informal sectors, along with offering flexible work arrangements and subsidized childcare, particularly for women, can further support these workers. Furthermore, extending social protection to include social security and healthcare, with incentives for employer contributions, is essential. During crises, policies prioritizing healthcare access, income support, and job protection are crucial for ensuring the economic security of low-wage workers and reducing inequalities.

Challenges of Expanding Employment Opportunities in the Manufacturing Sector in The Prabowo-Gibran Era

Suryadi — 2025-07-01

The administration of Prabowo-Gibran will face challenges in expanding employment opportunities in the manufacturing industry sector. The expansion of employment opportunities is influenced by various internal and external factors. This research aims to analyze the development of knowledge related to employment in the manufacturing industry sector and to identify both internal and external factors affecting this expansion. The research methodology employs a qualitative approach with bibliometric analysis to review scientific literature sourced from the Web of Science database, consisting of 499 documents. It measures several variables related to employment expansion in the manufacturing industry. This method is crucial for understanding the development of a specific field of study and identifying variables associated with employment by utilizing the VOSviewer software.

Do Skills Matter in Influencing Employment for People with Disabilities? Exploring the Role of ICT Skills and Education

Elita Pertiwi — 2025-07-01

This study investigates how education and information and communication technology (ICT) skills influence the likelihood of employment among people with disabilities (PWD) in Indonesia. Drawing on data from the 2022 National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS), I estimate a probit model to identify the key factors affecting labor market inclusion for PWD. The results show that both higher levels of education and ICT proficiency significantly increase the probability of employment. In contrast, being female, caring for young children, living in urban areas, or experiencing severe disability are all associated with lower employment odds. Notably, the relationship between education and employment is non-linear, with positive effects emerging only beyond a certain threshold of schooling. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions, particularly in digital literacy and education access, to improve labor market outcomes for people with disabilities. The results offer timely policy implications for promoting inclusive economic participation in line with Indonesia’s commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals.