Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan

Study on the Implementation of ILO Convention No. 98 in Indonesia and Its Comparison with Developed and Developing Countries

Faizal Amir P Nasution — 2024-04-30

Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation has been reported by ITUC, KSPI, and KSBSI for violating ILO Convention No. 98. The Indonesian government is considered not involving Trade Unions/Labor Unions in terms of collective bargaining when drafting the Job Creation Law and the substance of the Job Creation Law which is considered to limit the role of Trade Unions/Labor Unions. The United States Government, the United States Labor Association, the Belgium Labor Association, Netherlands Labor Association, Republic of Korean Labor Association, and the Brazil Labor Association provide different views from Indonesia on the report. This study uses a qualitative approach supported by a literature study with FGD discussions. Based on the results of the study, reports by Trade Unions to the ILO regarding violations of ILO Convention No. 98 are generally still conjectural and do not depart from cases or violations of the law that have occurred. The government can report data on labor practices in Indonesia to show that there are no efforts to limit the role of Trade Unions/Labor Unions as evidence that the Government of Indonesia has implemented the principles in the ILO Convention. The government of Indonesia has an important role in increasing the provision of training and improving work competencies, increasing labor placement and expanding employment opportunities, as well as continuing to oversee the implementation of this Job Creation Law in companies and continuing to protect workers by providing legal protection and social security. The Government of Indonesia is currently receiving ILO Technical Assistance, and can propose to continue implementing the Job Creation Law regulations and continue to provide regular reports to the ILO. If this provision in practice is detrimental to workers and trade unions, then this provision can be challenged procedurally with the support of valid evidence.

CGE Analysis of the Impact of the 2024 Minimum Wage Increase on the National Economy in Indonesia

Nur Siti Annazah — 2024-04-30

One of the minimum wage problems is caused by workers/laborers' needing to agree with the wage increase set. The minimum wage increase is still minimal compared to the high worker need. The Labor Organization president called the government to raise the provincial minimum wage (UMP) and district/city minimum wage (UMK) 2024 by 15%. This figure is obtained from the Decent Living Needs (KHL) survey results and other indicators such as inflation and economic growth. On the other hand, the minimum wage increase of 15% is considered by employers to be unrealistic, considering the condition of the national economy is hit by uncertainty. The government said that determining the minimum wage based on PP 36/2021 and considering the welfare of workers/laborers’ also looks at the Company's capabilities. This paper aims to see new macroeconomic and welfare conditions due to the increase in the minimum wage by 15%. Using the general equilibrium model of static computing (CGE), the analysis results show that an increase in the minimum wage leads to a decrease in demand for labor, especially in labor-intensive sectors. The increase in wages impacts increasing household income, thus indicating an increase in household welfare. However, inflationary pressures brought about by the minimum wage increase mask the increase in revenue, resulting in a decrease in household consumption budgets. This translates into a loss of net well-being, with a more significant impact on urban households than rural households. The output of most sectors, especially labor-intensive sectors, declined, but nominal GDP increased. The increase in nominal GDP is due to rising prices, not actual economic output.

Normative Juridical Study of Regulatory Urgency Use of Local Labor in the Regions

Jorawati Simarmata — 2024-04-30

Indonesia, in the context of "advancing general welfare" as mandated by the preamble to the 1945 Constitution, is responsible for responding to employment problems through national development. The government directs various regulations in the field of employment to regulate "Indonesian workers" and/or the use of "foreign workers" in the context of equal and fair employment opportunities. However, the phenomenon is that local governments see a legal vacuum (recht vacuum) to regulate local/regional workers or in other words, "local workers". Consequence, many regions in Indonesia have issued regulations that involve "the use of local labor" in the form of regional regulations or regent/mayor regulations. In this normative juridical study the problem is formulated: (i) How is the use of local labor regulated in the regions based on statutory regulations? (ii) What is the urgency of regulating the use of local labor in the regions? In principle, this article aims to answer these two things. First, to find out and analyze legal regulations related to the use of local workers in the regions. Second, to formulate the urgency of regulating the use of local labor in the regions. In this study, it was found that the regulation of the use of local workers in the regions is not an order from existing laws and regulations in Indonesia and is not an authority that implicitly regulates local workers, but rather a regional government policy to accommodate regional conditions related to the problem of employment opportunities for workers-local work. The obligation to provide opportunities for local workers and residents around the company does not mean it is discriminatory because it is still open while prioritizing the principle of professionalism according to the prospective workers' standards of ability and skills.

Impacts of Direct Cash Assistance, Social Security Enrollment, and Employment Stability on the Welfare of Hand-Rolled Cigarette Workers in Central Java

Maggie Calista — 2024-04-30

This research investigates the relationship between Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) from the Tobacco Product Excise Profit Sharing Fund (DBHCHT), BPJS Employment, employment status, and the welfare of hand-rolled cigarette workers in Central Java, Indonesia. Given the significant shifts from manual to mechanized production in the tobacco industry, the study addresses the crucial aspect of worker welfare amidst these changes. The analysis focuses on four key areas: Pati, Kudus, Demak, and Jepara, utilizing data collected from 451 hand-rolled cigarette workers through structured interviews. The methodology involves an ordered logit regression model to evaluate how financial assistance, health and accident insurance coverage through BPJS Employment, and permanent versus contractual employment statuses impact the welfare of these workers, with welfare quantified in terms of income and asset ownership. The results indicate a positive correlation between the provision of BLT DBHCHT and improved welfare indices, highlighting the effectiveness of direct financial aid in enhancing living standards. Additionally, enrollment in BPJS Employment is significantly associated with better welfare outcomes, underscoring the importance of robust social security systems for protecting worker welfare. The study also finds that permanent employment contributes to higher welfare levels compared to contractual work, suggesting that job security plays a crucial role in promoting worker well-being. These findings underscore the necessity for targeted policy interventions aimed at improving socio-economic conditions for laborers within Indonesia's tobacco sector. They also advocate for an expanded scope of welfare indicators in future studies to include more comprehensive assessments of worker well-being, incorporating health, educational attainments, and psychosocial factors.

Analysis of the Reorientation of the National Vocational Training Development Program

Nur Farizal — 2024-04-30

ILO found that only 59% of graduates from BLK at the level of UPTD and UPTP - which transformed into BPVP, could be absorbed by industries in 2022 due to the mismatch of competencies with the needs of the labor market. Therefore, the reorientation of the National Vocational Training Development Program is urgently needed to create skilled and competent human resources (HR) in line with the needs of industries and the labor markets. The purpose of this study is, to analyze the issues arising in the management of HR in vocational training institutions in creating skilled and competent HR, along the absorption of BLK graduates into companies/industries. This study uses a descriptive analysis method aimed at analyzing the management of HR in BLK. The results of the study indicate that BLK management has not yet adhered to standardized norms, the level of absorption of BLK graduates into companies/industries is still low, and there is a mismatch between the competencies of BLK graduates and the labor market. The implications of the study results for the Ministry of Manpower are: (1) refocusing training targets based on training needs analysis and national development priorities; (2) standardizing training programs considering the typology of BLK and the distribution of vocational training institutions; (3) identifying potential training needs and revitalizing training resources in vocational training institutions; (4) mainstreaming vocational training and apprenticeships by developing funding patterns and partnership programs between the government and the business/industrial sector, also the central and regional governments.

Sentiment Analysis Siap Kerja Training Services with Naive Models Bayes and SVM

Arif Budi Setiawan — 2024-04-30

Training service Siap Kerja has an important function in improving the quality of human resources and developing a competent workforce in various industrial sectors. To ensure trainee success and satisfaction, sentiment analysis in trainee reviews is essential to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the service offered. This research intends to compare the performance of algorithms Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes in sentiment analysis of trainee reviews on pages service training Siap Kerja. Review data was collected using web scraping on the Siap Kerja training service page by collecting ratings and reviews of training participants after completing the training they attended on the page training service Siap Kerja. Methods of data pre-processing, data sharing, feature extraction, model training, model evaluation, and results analysis were used in this research. The research results show that the SVM model has higher accuracy (0.93) compared to the Naive model Bayes (0.80). Additionally, positive sentiment was found at 99%, negative at 0.3%, and neutral at 0.7%. ased on the results of this research, it is recommended that the SVM model be used in sentiment analysis in the context of Siap Kerja training services and that the model be optimized to improve performance in classifying reviews with negative or neutral feelings.

Digitalization, Current Working Conditions and Environment: Comparative Study of Several Countries in ASEAN

Suryadi Suryadi — 2024-04-30

Digital technology changes the way of work. It can improve connections between an organization's technical and social systems as well as connections with external networks through the sharing and exchange of digital information. The average worker in ASEAN wants a salary increase and wants a promotion, and some others want to change jobs. Respondents who want to change jobs come from Indonesia. Most respondents in ASEAN want job satisfaction, and many believe that job skills will change in the next five years. Apart from that, most respondents in ASEAN also believe that their organizations will be able to stay in business for more than 10 years. Respondents from Indonesia rated the highest on variables related to workplace culture, empowerment, fairness and feedback. Meanwhile, respondents from the Philippines gave the lowest assessment to variables related to new job opportunities, opportunities to learn new skills and increased productivity with the presence of artificial intelligence. Employee welfare needs to be a priority for companies, so companies need to collect data about employee desires and motivations, segment employees and prioritize action plans for management in the company.

Indonesia Employment in 2023: Labor Force Conditions and Policy Developments in the Early Stages of the Demographic Bonus

Muhyiddin Muhyiddin — 2024-04-30

In 2023, amidst the complexities of a volatile global economy, Indonesia demonstrated economic resilience, propelled by its dynamic workforce. This abstract synthesizes the intricate interplay between macroeconomic forces and employment trends within Indonesia, drawing from comprehensive data analyses and policy evaluations. The report encapsulates a year marked by economic recovery despite global headwinds such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, inflation surges, and supply chain interruptions. With a predicted global growth of 3.6% by the IMF, Indonesia's economy experienced fluctuations but maintained a growth trajectory from Q2 2022 to Q2 2023. Labor force data indicates a predominance of the working-age population, signaling potential for sustained productivity and economic fortitude. The demographic composition, skewed towards a younger populace, underpins the vibrant labor market. Employment policies have been responsive to digitalization, globalization, and demographic transitions, focusing on skill development, vocational training, and job safety. Notably, vocational training for SMK graduates was prioritized to match industry requirements. Regulatory advancements aim to balance worker protections with corporate operational efficiency. Amidst COVID-19's lingering impact, policy adaptations were crucial to support workers and businesses, exemplifying Indonesia’s agility in times of crisis. The landscape of employment disputes, predominantly centered around termination, underscores the necessity for robust conflict resolution mechanisms. With 71.15% of industrial disputes tied to terminations, mediation emerged as the preferred dispute resolution strategy. Regional data unveiled disparities in job placements and complaints, spotlighting the need for equitable workforce distribution and grievance redressal mechanisms. The report concludes that Indonesia's labor policies and employment conditions are dynamically evolving, poised to sculpt a robust, inclusive, and sustainable labor market landscape.