Analisa Implementasi UU Cipta Kerja Kluster Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu (PKWT) dan Alih Daya
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Abstract
Pasar tenaga kerja mengalami kecenderungan perubahan karena transformasi struktural ekonomi, perubahan struktur penduduk, digitalisasi, perubahan iklim, pandemi COVID-19, serta ketidakpastian ekonomi. Fleksibilitas pasar tenaga kerja dibutuhkan untuk beradaptasi perubahan tersebut. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kondisi pekerja PKWT dan alih daya dalam konteks penerapan Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja dan turunannya. Sumber Data yang digunakan berupa data Primer dengan melakukan FGD serta wawancara mendalam dan data Sekunder dari Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (Sakernas), BPS dan Wajib Lapor Ketenagakerjaan Perusahaan), Kemnaker RI. Hasil studi memperlihatkan bahwa secara umum UU Cipta Kerja sudah memberikan perlindungan yang lebih baik daripada peraturan sebelumnya. Namun, di dalam pelaksanaannya masih perlu peningkatan awareness dan pengawasan yang lebih baik. Pada intinya, apabila pekerja dilindungi dalam semua bentuk kontrak apa pun, perbedaan antara pekerja PKWT-PKWTT dan alih daya tidak akan terlalu berarti.
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References
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Aleksynska, M., & Berg, J. (2016). Firms' Demand for Temporary Labour in Developin Countries : Necessity or Strategy?Geneva: ILO.
Becker, K., & Engel, T. (2018). Temporary Workforce Under Pressure: Poor Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) as a Dimension of Precarity. Management Revue 29(1), 32-54.
Blanchard, O., & Landier, A. (2002). The Preserve Effects of Partial Labour Market Reform: Fixed-Term Contracts in France . The Economic Journal, Volume 112, Issue 480, 214-244.
Boeri, T., & Garibaldi, P. (2007). Two Tier Reforms of Employment Protection: a Honeymoon Effect? Economic Journal, vol. 117, issue 521, 357-385.
Booth, A. L., Francesconi, M., & Frank, J. (2000). Temporary Jobs: Who Gets Them, What Are They Worth, and Do They Lead Anywhere? Colchester: ISER Working Paper Series No. 2000-13.
Bosio, G. (2014). The Implications of Temporary Jobs on the Distribution of Wages in Italy: An Unconditional IVQTE Approach. Labour 28(1), 64-86.
Cappellari, L., Dell’Aringa, C., & Leonardi, M. (2012). Temporary Employment, Job Flows and Productivity: A Tale of Two Reforms. Economic Journal, vol. 122, issue 562 , 188-215.
Davis-Blake, A., & Broschak, J. P. (2009). Outsourcing and the Changing Nature of Work. Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 35, 321-340.
Dawson, C., Veliziotis, M., & Hopkins, B. (2014). Temporary employment, job satisfaction and subjective well-being. Economic and Industrial Democracy, Vol.38, 69-98.
Galarneau, D. (2005). Earnings of temporary versus permanent employees. Perspective in Labour and Income, 5-18. Giesecke, J., & Groß, M. (2003). Temporary Employment: Chance or Risk? European Sociological Review, Volume 19, Issue 2, 161–177.
Giuliano, R., Kampelmann, S., Mahy, B., & Rycx, F. (2017). Short Notice, Big Difference? The Effect of Temporary Employment on Firm Competitiveness across Sectors. British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 55, issue 2, 421-449.
Henguelle, V. (1994). Les emplois sur contrat à durée déterminée: un mode d'accès à l'emploi stable? Travail et Emploi, 58, 77-93.
Hippel, C. V., Mangun, S. L., Greenberger, D. B., Heneman, R. L., & Skodglind, J. D. (1997). Temporary Employment: Can Organizations and Employees Both Win? Acadeny of Management Executive Vol.11 No.1, 93-104.
Houseman, S. N. (2001). Why Employers Use Flexible Staffing Arrangements: Evidence from an Establishment Survey. ILR Review, 149-170.
Ichino, A., Mealli, F., & Nannicini, T. (2008). From temporary help jobs to permanent employment: what can we learn from matching estimators and their sensitivity? Journal of Applied Econometrics, Volume 23, Issue 3, 305-327.
International Labour Organization. (2016 ). Non-standard employment around the world: Understanding challenges, shaping prospects. Geneva: International Labour Office .
International Labour Organization. (2022). World Employment and Social Outlook Trends 2022. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
Jahn, E., & Pozzoli, D. (2013). The pay gap of temporary agency workers : Does the temp sector experience pay off? Labour Economics, Vol. 24, 48-57.
Kvasnicka, M. (2009). Does Temporary Help Work Provide a Stepping Stone to Regular Employment? Studies of Labor Market Intermediation, 335–372.
Lahiri, S., Karna, A., Kalubandi, S. C., & Edacherian, S. (2022). Performance Implications of Outsourcing: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Business Research 139, 1303-1316.
Morris, M. D., & Vekker, A. (2001). An Alternative Look at Temporary Workers, Their Choices, and the Growth in Temporary Employment. Journal of Labor Research 22(2), 373-390.
Nollen, S. D., & Axel, H. A. (1996). Managing Contingent Workers. New York: AMACOM.
Polavieja, J. G. (2003). Temporary Contracts and Labour Market Segmentation in Spain: An Employment-Rent Approach. European Sociological Review, Vol.19, No.5, 501-517.
Wang, R., & Weiss, A. (1998). Probation, layoff and wage tenure profiles: a sorting explanation. Labour Economic, Vol. 5, 359–383.
World Economic Fourm. (2022). The Good Work Framework: A new business agenda for the future of work. Geneve: World Economic Forum.
Authors
Wongkaren, T. S., Samudra, R. R., Indrayanti, R., Azhari, F. and Muhyiddin, M. (2022) “Analisa Implementasi UU Cipta Kerja Kluster Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu (PKWT) dan Alih Daya”, Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan, 17(3), pp. 210–237. doi: 10.47198/naker.v17i3.184.
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